Thursday, December 16, 2010

Mozart and Medicine

A Selection of diagnostic hypotheses purporting to explain Mozart’s terminal illness

The listing uses the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death of the World Health Organization . Geneva (Switzerland) WHO; 1992.

Abbreviations: BD: Mozart: Mozart: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen: Gesamtausgabe. 7 Vol. Bauer WA, Deutsch OE, and Eibl JH, eds. Kassel (Germany): Bärenreiter-Verla ; 1962-75.

ICD Diagnosis

Code

1. A01 Typhoid fever[i] [ii]

2. A16 Tuberculosis[iii] [iv]

3. A18.1 Renal tuberculous[v]

4. A18.3 Tuberculosis of peritoneum [vi]

5. A19.0 Acute miliary tuberculosis [vii]

6. A38 Scarlatina [viii] [ix]

7. A39.4 Meningococcemia [x]

8. A40 Streptococcal septicemia [xi]

9. A41.9 Unspecified septicemia [xii]

10. A48.3 Toxic shock syndrome[xiii]

11. A49.0 Staphylococcal infection[xiv]

12. A49.1 Streptococcal infection[xv]

13. A52.1 Late syphilis: tabes dorsalis[xvi]

14. A53.9 Syphilis[xvii]

15. A75 Endemic typhus[xviii]

16. A79.9 Rickettsiosis, unspecified[xix]

17. A86 Encephalitis, unspecified[xx]

18. A98.5 Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome[xxi]

19. B05 Measles[xxii]

20. B54 Malaria[xxiii]

21. B75 Trichinosis[xxiv]

22 B99 Acute unspecified infectious disease[xxv]

23. C85.9 Lymphoma [xxvi]

24 C95 Leukemia unspecified[xxvii]

25. D62 Posthemorrhagic anemia[xxviii]

26. D69.0 Henoch-Schönlein purpura[xxix] [xxx]

27 D69.3 Idiopathic thrombocytic purpura[xxxi]

28. D86 Sarcoidosis[xxxii]

29. E05 Hyperthyroidism[xxxiii]

30. E05.5 Thyroid crisis or storm[xxxiv]

31. E46 Malnutrition[xxxv]

32. E56.9 Vitamin deficiency, unspecified[xxxvi]

33. E65.9 Obesity, unspecified[xxxvii]

34. E80.2 Acute intermittent porphyria[xxxviii]

35. E85.3 Amyloidosis[xxxix]

36. E87.8 Electrolyte and fluid disorder[xl]

37. E87.8, F10.1 Alcohol abuse[xli]

38 F43.2 Adjustment disorder[xlii]

39. G03.9 Meningitis unspecified[xliii]

40. G04.8 Rheumatic fever encephalitis[xliv]

41. G05.1 Rheumatic encephalitis[xlv]

42. G81.9 Hemiplegia[xlvi]

43. G93.5 Herniation of the brain[xlvii]

44. I00 Rheumatic fever[xlviii]

45. I01.2 Acute rheumatic myocarditis[xlix]

46. I05-I08 Chronic rheumatic heart disease[l]

47. I05.0 Mitral stenosis[li]

48. I05.1 Mitral valve insufficiency[lii]

49. I06.0 Aortic stenosis[liii]

50. 109.1 Rheumatic disease of the endocardium[liv]

51. I11 Hypertensive heart disease[lv]

52. I13 Hypertensive heart & renal disease[lvi]

53. I26 Pulmonary embolism[lvii]

54. I32 Rheumatic pericarditis[lviii]

55. I33.0 Bacterial endocarditis[lix]

56. I40.0 Toxic myocarditis[lx]

57. I48 Atrial fibrillation[lxi]

58. I50 Congestive heart failure[lxii]

59. I60.7 Ruptured cerebral aneurysm[lxiii]

60. I61 Intracerebral hemorrhage[lxiv]

61. I63.1 Cerebral embolism[lxv]

62. I64 Stroke[lxvi]

63. I67.4 Hypertensive encephalopathy[lxvii]

64. 177.8 Mycotic (or infected) aneurysm[lxviii]

65. I80.9 Thrombophlebitis[lxix]

66. J10 Influenza[lxx]

67. J15.2 Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia[lxxi]

68. J15.3 Streptococcal bronchopneumonia[lxxii]

69. J18 Bronchopneumonia[lxxiii]

70. J91 Pleural effusion[lxxiv]

71. K25, F43.8 Gastric stress-ulcers[lxxv]

72. K.65.0 Acute peritonitis[lxxvi]

73. K.72 Hepatic encephalopathy[lxxvii]

74. K74 Non-alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver[lxxviii]

75. K86 Chronic pancreatitis[lxxix]

76. K90.8 Whipple’s disease[lxxx]

77. K92.0 Hematemesis[lxxxi]

78. L01 Impetigo[lxxxii]

79. LO8.0 Bacterial skin infection[lxxxiii]

80. L27.0 Dermatitis due to medicaments[lxxxiv]

81. L74.3 Prickly heat[lxxxv]

82. M02.3 Reiter’s disease[lxxxvi]

83. M02.8 Arthropathy associated with infectious disease[lxxxvii]

84. M06.1 Still’s disease[lxxxviii]

85. M08.0 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis[lxxxix]

86. M30.0 Periarteritis nodosa[xc]

87. M31.0 Goodpasture syndrome[xci]

88. M31.3 Wegener’s granulomatosis[xcii]

89. M32.9 Systemic lupus erythematosus[xciii]

90. M35.2 Behcet’s syndrome[xciv]

91. M35.9 Autoimmune disease[xcv]

92. N00, B95.0 Post-infectious glomerulonephritis[xcvi]

93. N01 Subacute glomerulonephritis[xcvii]

94. N04 Nephrotic syndrome[xcviii]

95. N11 Chronic pyelonephritis[xcix]

96. N13 Obstructive uropathy[c]

97. N13.6 Pyonephrosis[ci]

98. N17, N18 Renal failure[cii]

99. N18.8, I32.8 Pericarditis uremic[ciii]

100. N19 Renal failure with uremia[civ]

101. N20 Calculus of kidney[cv]

102. N25.0 Renal osteodystrophy[cvi]

103. N26 Renal sclerosis, unspecified[cvii]

104. N28.0 Renal artery embolism[cviii]

105. Q61.3 Polycystic kidney disease[cix]

106. R18 Ascites[cx]

107. R40.2 Coma[cxi]

108. R50, R21 Fever of unknown origin, rash[cxii]

109. R56.8 Unspecified convulsions[cxiii]

110. R57.1, T81.9 Hypovolemic shock due to bloodletting[cxiv]

111. R57.9 Toxic shock[cxv]

112. R60 Anasarca [cxvi]

113. R64 Cachexia[cxvii]

114. S02.0 &1 Temporo-parietal fracture of skull[cxviii]

115. S06.4 Epidural hemorrhage[cxix]

116. S06.5 Subdural hemorrhage[cxx]

117. S06.6 Subarachnoid hemorrhage[cxxi]

118. 747.3 Accidental poisoning by saline laxatives[cxxii]

119. T47.7 Accidental poisoning by emetics[cxxiii]

120. T14.8 Injuries of unspecified body regions[cxxiv]

121. T56.0 Toxic effect of lead & its compounds[cxxv]

122. T56.1 Toxic effects of mercury compounds[cxxvi]

123. T56.8 Toxic effects of antimony compounds[cxxvii]

124. T57.0 Toxic effects of arsenic compounds[cxxviii]

125. T64 Food contamination by mycotoxins[cxxix] [cxxx]

126. T88.7 Adverse effect of drug & medicament[cxxxi]

127. T90.2, 5 Late effects of intracranial injury[cxxxii]

128. X49 Accidental poisoning by and exposure to unspecified checals[cxxxiii]

129. X.84 Suicide[cxxxiv]

130. X69 Intentional self-poisoning[cxxxv] 131. X90 Homicidal poisoning[cxxxvi]

132. Y00, Y07.2 Assault by blunt object, by acquaintance[cxxxvii]

133. Y09 Assault by unspecified means [cxxxviii]

134. Y62.6,T80.2 Failure of sterile precautions during bloodlettings[cxxxix]

135. Y66 Nonadministration of medical care[cxl]

136. Z56.3 Mental strain due to stressful work schedule[cxli]

137. Z60.4 Alienation[cxlii] 138. Z60.5 Target of perceived adverse discrimination or persecution [cxliii]

139. Z65.3 Problems related to prosecution[cxliv]

140. Z73.0 Burnout[cxlv]

Some additional diseases or abnormal findings related to Mozart

The listing uses the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death of the World Health Organization. Geneva (Switzerland) WHO ; 1992, and when marked with an asterisk, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders. Fourth Edition. International Version. Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association; 1995.

1. A00. Cholera[cxlvi]

2. A01 Typhoid fever[cxlvii]

3. A36 Diphtheria[cxlviii]

4. A04, A08 Summer diarrhea, Toxic gastroenteritis[cxlix]

5. A68 Relapsing fever[cl]

6. A38 Scarlatina[cli]

7. A95 Yellow fever [clii]

8. B03 Smallpox[cliii]

9. B19 Acute hepatitis[cliv]

10. B27 Infectious mononucleosis[clv]

11. E03.9 Unspecified hypothyroidism[clvi]

12. E52 Pellagra[clvii]

13. E64.3 Infantile rickets, rachitism[clviii]

14. F06; I50.0 Psychotic disorder due to a cardiovascular condition[clix]

15. F23.8* Paranoid delusions[clx]

16. F32.9* Depressive disorder[clxi] [clxii]

17. F34.0* Cyclothymia[clxiii]

18. F39* Melancholic features[clxiv]

19. F41.0* Panic attack[clxv]

20. F41.1* Anxiety disorder[clxvi]

21. F42* Obsessive-compulsive disorder[clxvii]

22. F44 Dissociative disorder[clxviii]

23. F45.2*¨ Body dysmorphic disorder[clxix]

24. F52.2*, F52.3* Sexual arousal disorder[clxx]

25. F60.1 Schizoid personality disorder[clxxi]

26. F60.7* Dependent personality disorder[clxxii]

27. F60.8 Immature personality disorder[clxxiii]

28. F60.9* Passive-aggressive personality[clxxiv]

29. F63.0* Pathological gambling[clxxv]

30 F66.1 Egodystonic sexual orientation[clxxvi]

31. F80.2* ,R48 Musical dysphasia[clxxvii]

32 F84.5 Asperger’s syndrome[clxxviii]

33. F90.9* Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder[clxxix]

34. F95.1* Tics[clxxx]

35. F95.2* Gilles de la Tourette’s disorder[clxxxi]

36. G40 .9 Epilepsy[clxxxii]

37. G47.0 Insomnias[clxxxiii]

38. G91.9 Hydrocephalus[clxxxiv]

39. H02.1 Ectropion of eyelid[clxxxv]

40. H05.4 Exophtalmos[clxxxvi]

41. H17.1 Corneal scar[clxxxvii]

42. H50.0 Strabismus[clxxxviii]

43. H52.0 Hypermetropia[clxxxix]

44. H52.1 Myopia[cxc]

45. H83.0 Labyrintitis[cxci]

46. H91.9 Deafness of the left ear[cxcii]

47. I63.1 Cerebral embolism due to cardiac sources[cxciii]

48. J00. Common cold, acute nasopharyngitis[cxciv]

49. J02. Acute pharyngitis, sore throat[cxcv]

50. J02. 0. Streptococcal sore throat[cxcvi]

51. J03. Acute tonsillitis [cxcvii]

52. J04. Acute laryngitis and tracheitis[cxcviii]

53. J06. Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified site[cxcix]

54. J18.0 Bronchopneumonia[cc]

55. J40. Acute bronchitis[cci]

56. K04.0 Pulpitis[ccii]

57. K04.5 Chronic apical periodontitis[cciii]

58. K04.6 Gingival fistula [cciv]

59. K05.1 Chronic gingivitis[ccv]

60. K05.2 Gingival abscess[ccvi]

61. K08.8 Toothache[ccvii]

62. K26.3 Perforated duodenal ulcer[ccviii]

63. K59.1 Functional diarrhea[ccix]

64. K80.2 Biliary colic[ccx]

65. K85 Pancreatitis [ccxi]

66. L51.1 Stevens-Johnson syndrome[ccxii]

67. L52 Erythema nodosum[ccxiii]

68. M25.5 Arthralgias[ccxiv]

69. N23 Renal colic [ccxv]

70. Q17.8 Mozart ear [ccxvi]

71. Q87.0 Trigonocephaly[ccxvii]

72. R10.4 Intestinal colic [ccxviii]

73. R11 Nausea and vomiting[ccxix]

74. R25.1 Tremor[ccxx]

75. R29.0 Rachitic tetany[ccxxi]

76. R43.2 Parageusia[ccxxii]

77. R44.0* Auditory hallucination[ccxxiii]

78. R44.1* Visual hallucinations. Capgras syndrome[ccxxiv]

79. R44.8* Visual delusions[ccxxv]

80. R46.3 Overactivity[ccxxvi]

81. R51 Headache [ccxxvii]

82. R53 Exhaustion[ccxxviii]

83. R55 Swooning fits[ccxxix]

84. T33 Frostbite[ccxxx]

85. L.53.0, T56.1 Infantile acrodynia[ccxxxi]

86. Z60.4* Anomie, social isolation[ccxxxii]

87. Z63.8* Parent-child relational problem[ccxxxiii]

88. Z62.6* Inappropriate parental pressure and other abnormal qualities of upbringing[ccxxxiv]

[ccxxxv]Mental disorders: #14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 77, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87, 88.

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[civ] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.

[cv] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.

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[cviii] Werner AJ. op cit No 75.

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[cxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

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[cxv] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.

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[cxvii] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.

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[cxix] Puech, B et al. op cit No 118.

[cxx] Drake ME. op cit No 40.

[cxxi] Rappoport AE. op cit No 63.

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[cxxiii] Bär C. op cit No 28.

[cxxiv] Taboga G. L’assasinio di Mozart. Pisa: Akademos; 1997.

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[cxxviii] Ludewig R. op cit No 84.

[cxxix] Schoental R. Mozart’s illness and death. J R Soc Med. 1983; 76 (12): 1079-1080.

[cxxx] Schoental R. Mozart’s illness and death. J R Soc Med. 1984; 77 (2): 157.

[cxxxi] Ludewig R. op cit No 84.

[cxxxii] Puech B et al. op cit No 118.

[cxxxiii] Schuler M. op cit No 125.

[cxxxiv] Schneider HH. HNA. 1989; (30; 10), N° 253. In: Duda G. W.A. Mozart “Den Göttern gegeben”. Ein ‘Bauopfertod/ Pähl / Oberbayern, Germany: Verlag Hohe Warte GmbH; 1994.

[cxxxv] Casini C. Amadeus. Vita di Mozart. Milano (Italy): Rusconi, 1990.

[cxxxvi] Kerner D. Mozarts Todeskankheit zum 170. Todestag des Meisters am 5. Dezember 1961. Berlin-Mainz (Germany): Mainzer Verlaganstalt une Druckerei Will und Rothe KG auf Veranlassung des Internationalen Musiker-Brief-Archivs Berlin.; 1961

[cxxxvii] Taboga G. op cit No 124.

[cxxxviii] Kerner D. op cit No 136.

[cxxxix] Boissevain W. op cit No 58.

[cxl] Autexier PA. Les œuvres témoins de Mozart. Paris (France): Éditions Alphonse Leduc; 1982.

[cxli] Autexier PA. op cit No 140.

[cxlii] Elias N. Mozart, Portrait of a Genius. Cambridge (England): Polity Press; 1993.

[cxliii] Niemetschek F. Ich kannte Mozart. Leben des K.K. Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart nach Originalquellen beschrieben. Perfahl J, ed. 4. Auflage. Wien (Austria): Wiener Verlag; 1991.

[cxliv] Brauneis W. Brauneis W. Unveröffentliche Nachrichten zum Dezember 1791 aus einer Wiener Lokalzeitung. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1991; 39 (1-4): 165-168.

[cxlv] Elias N. op cit No 142.

[cxlvi] Jahn O. W.A.Mozart . 4 vol. Leipzig (Germany): Breitkopf und Härtel; 1856, 1858, 1859.

[cxlvii] Katner W. op cit No 114.

[cxlviii] Werner AJ. op cit No 69.

[cxlix] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.

[cl] Karhausen LR. Mozart’s severe illness after his return from Italy. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum 1999; 47 (3-4):44-48.

[cli] Holz H. op cit No 110.

[clii] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.

[cliii] BD 121, 10-11-67; BD 122, 29-11-67

[cliv] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.

[clv] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.

[clvi] Koopman J. op cit No 33.

[clvii] Schoental R. op cit No 129, 130.

[clviii] Minuth W. op cit No 106.

[clix] Szametz R. op cit No 54.

[clx] Szametz R. op cit No 54.

[clxi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxii] Steptoe, A. Mozart's personality and creativity. In: Wolfgang Amade Mozart: Essays on his life and music. Sadie S., ed. Oxford England): Oxford University Press; 1996

[clxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16

[clxiv] Droste. Psychische Abnormalitäten grosser Männer. Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und gerichtliche Psychologie. 1855; 2: 65-70, 1855 and 1856; 3: 10.

[clxv] BD 599, 26-5-1781

[clxvi] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.

[clxvii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16

[clxviii] Bittner G. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Die Erziehung eines Genie. In: Lipp W, ed. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Genie und Musik. Würzburg (Germany): Ergon Verlag. 1992: 27-68.

[clxix] Engl JE. W.A. Mozart in der Schilderung seiner Biographen, in seiner körperlichen Erscheinung im Leben und im Bilde, mit Mitteilungen. Aus dem Salzburger Mozart-Album. Salzburg (Austria): H. Kerber; 1887.

[clxx] Solomon M. Mozart. A Life. New York (NY): Harper Collins; 1995

[clxxi] Lange-Eichbaum W and Kurth W. Genie, Irrsinn und Ruhm. Band 2. Die Komponisten. München (Germany): Ernst Reinhardt Verlag;1986.

[clxxii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxiv] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxv] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxvi] Solomon M. op cit No 170.

[clxxvii] Friedman EH. Mozart’s subdural hematoma. Neurol. 1994; 44 (12): 247.

[clxxviii] Fitzgerald M. The genesis of creativity: Asperger’s syndrome and the arts. London (England): Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2007.

[clxxix] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxx] Simkin B. The case for Mozart’s affliction with Tourette’s syndrome. Journal of the Conductors’ Guild. 1991; 12 (1&2): 50-64.

[clxxxi] Fog R. Havde Mozart Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrom ? Astra-Draco Information. 1987; 8-12.

[clxxxii] Gélineau. Les épileptiques célèbres. Chronique Médicale. 1900; 7 (18): 545-557.

[clxxxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[clxxxiv] Kerner D. Die Kontroverse um Mozarts Tod. Carpanis Verteidigung Salieris. Ärzteblatt Rheinland-Pfalz. 1970; January, March, May, and June: 1-24.

[clxxxv] Darieux D. La phobie du petit Mozart. Mozart-Jahrbuch 1998. Kassel (Germany): Barenreiter; 2000, 153-213.

[clxxxvi] Sederholm CG. op cit No 34.

[clxxxvii]Engström T. Zu dem angeblichen Mozarts-Porträt. Acta Mozartiana. 1982; 29:29-30.

[clxxxviii] Blodi FC. Was Mozart cross-eyed ? Arch Ophtalmol. 1981; 99 (5):823

[clxxxix]Nissen GN. op cit No 85.

[cxc] BD 433, 28-2 ; BD 1 / 2-3, 1778

[cxci] Werner AJ. op cit No 65.

[cxcii] Bernardi, L. Mozart duro d’orecchio. Oggi. Roma vol 40, n°38, 19 Settembre 1984, pp. 84-86

[cxciii] Werner AJ. Op cit No 65.

[cxciv] BD 12-1763; BD 02-1764; BD 01-1770

[cxcv] BD 16-2-1764

[cxcvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16

[cxcvii] BD 1-8-1765

[cxcviii] BD 16-2-1764

[cxcix] BD 16-2-1764; BD 15-11-1765

[cc] Franken FH. op cit No 9.

[cci] BD 05-1783; BD 08-1765; BD 22-02-1778; BD 15-09-1771

[ccii] Bär C. Mozart Zahnkrankheiten. Acta Mozartiana. 1963; 3: 47-54.

[cciii] Bär C. op cit No 202.

[cciv] Bär C. op cit No 202.

[ccv] Bär C. op cit No 202.

[ccvi] Bär C. op cit No 202.

[ccvii] BD 30-10-1762; BD 28-04-1770; BD 17-11-1770; BD 04-1790

[ccviii] Franken FH. op cit No 9.

[ccix] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.

[ccx] Franken FH. op cit No 9.

[ccxi] Arolson. In: Lange-Eichbaum W and Kurth W. Genie, Irrsinn und Ruhm. Band 2. Die Komponisten. München (Germany): Ernst Reinhardt Verlag;1986.

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[ccxiii] Holz H. op cit No 110.

[ccxiv] Bär C. op cit No 28.

[ccxv] Holz H. op cit No 110.

[ccxvi] Gerber PH. Mozart’s Ohr. Dtsch Med Wochenschr.1898; 24 (22) 351-52.

[ccxvii] Puech PF, Tichy G, and Puech B. Craniofacial dysmorphism in Mozart's skull. J of Forensic Science. 1989. 34 (2): 487-490.

[ccxviii] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.

[ccxix] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.

[ccxx] Kerner D. Krankheiten grosser Musiker. Stuttgart (Germany): Scatthauer; 1986.

[ccxxi] Minuth W. op cit No 106.

[ccxxii] Bär C. op cit No 28.

[ccxxiii] Lombroso C. L’uomo di genio in rapporto alla psichiatria, alla storia ed all’estetica. vol 2.Torino: Bocca. 1894. Roma (Italy): Napoleone Editore s.r.l.; 1971.

[ccxxiv] Heine EW. op cit No 17.

[ccxxv] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.

[ccxxvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[ccxxvii] BD 19-05-1770; BD 05-1778; BD 08-1790.

[ccxxviii] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.

[ccxxix] Rochlitz. In: Leitzmann A. Wofgang Amadeus Mozart. Berichte der Zeitgenossen und Briefe. Leipzig (Germany): Insel-Verlag; 1926.

[ccxxx] BD 152; 7-1-70.

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[ccxxxii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.

[ccxxxiii] Solomon M. op cit No 170.

[ccxxxiv] Solomon M. op cit No 170.

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